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MhswID :

220205090

Judul :

GAMBARAN KEJADIAN ADVERSE DRUG REACTION (ADR) PENGOBATAN ASMA PADA PASIEN RAWAT JALAN DI RSUD PETALA BUMI PEKANBARU

Penulis :

CITRA YENI

Abstrak :

ABSTRAK Asma merupakan penyakit pernapasan kronis yang memerlukan terapi farmakologis secara berkelanjutan untuk mengendalikan gejala dan mencegah eksaserbasi. Penggunaan berbagai jenis obat dalam terapi asma berpotensi menimbulkan Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) yang perlu dipantau untuk mendukung keamanan penggunaan obat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik pasien dan menggambarkan kejadian ADR pada pasien asma rawat jalan di RSUD Petala Bumi Pekanbaru. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif observasional dengan pendekatan cross-sectional dan pengumpulan data secara retrospektif menggunakan data rekam medis pasien asma periode Juli–Desember 2025. Sampel diperoleh menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dan sebanyak 51 pasien memenuhi kriteria penelitian. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif menggunakan distribusi frekuensi dan persentase. Dugaan ADR diidentifikasi berdasarkan keluhan yang tercatat dalam rekam medis dan kesesuaiannya dengan literatur serta database informasi obat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik pasien didominasi oleh perempuan (80,39%), kelompok usia 18–59 tahun (66,67%), dan pasien tanpa komorbid (56,86%). Penggunaan obat asma didominasi oleh golongan ICS/LABA (53,74%), dengan jenis obat terbanyak yaitu Symbicort Rapihaler (37,72%) dan bentuk sediaan inhaler (71,78%). Dugaan ADR ditemukan pada 7 pasien (13,73%), dengan jenis dugaan ADR terbanyak berupa sakit kepala dan tenggorokan gatal, masing-masing sebesar 28,57%, sedangkan suara hilang, susah tidur, dan dada tidak nyaman masing-masing sebesar 14,29%. Seluruh dugaan ADR termasuk tipe A (Augmented) dengan tingkat keparahan ringan (mild). Disimpulkan bahwa dugaan ADR ditemukan pada sebagian kecil pasien asma rawat jalan, sehingga diperlukan peningkatan pemantauan dan pencatatan dugaan ADR untuk mendukung keamanan penggunaan obat pada pasien asma. Kata kunci: Asma, Adverse Drug Reaction, Pasien Rawat Jalan, Rekam Medis

Abstrak Inggris :

ABSTRACT Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease that requires continuous pharmacological therapy to control symptoms and prevent exacerbations. The use of various medications in asthma therapy may potentially cause Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs), which need to be monitored to support medication safety. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of patients and describe the occurrence of ADRs among outpatient asthma patients at Petala Bumi Regional General Hospital, Pekanbaru. This study employed an observational descriptive design with a cross-sectional approach and retrospective data collection using medical records of asthma patients from July to December 2025. The sample was obtained using purposive sampling, and 51 patients met the study criteria. Data were analyzed descriptively using frequency distributions and percentages. Suspected ADRs were identified based on complaints documented in the medical records and their consistency with the literature and drug information databases. The results showed that the patient characteristics were predominantly female (80.39%), aged 18–59 years (66.67%), and without comorbidities (56.86%). Asthma medication use was dominated by the ICS/LABA class (53.74%), with Symbicort Rapihaler being the most frequently used medication (37.72%) and inhalers being the most commonly used dosage form (71.78%). Suspected ADRs were identified in 7 patients (13.73%), with headache and itchy throat being the most common suspected ADRs, each accounting for 28.57%, while voice loss, difficulty sleeping, and chest discomfort each accounted for 14.29%. All suspected ADRs were classified as Type A (Augmented) and were of mild severity. It was concluded that suspected ADRs occurred in a small proportion of outpatient asthma patients; therefore, improved monitoring and documentation of suspected ADRs are needed to support the safe use of medications in asthma patients. Keywords: Asthma, Adverse Drug Reaction, Outpatients, Medical Records

Tahun :

2022

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